Immigration myths and misinformation in the Colorado media

Summary: Broadcast media outlets and personalities in Colorado have cited dubious statistics, made unsubstantiated claims, and promoted extremist commentary in dispensing misinformation regarding illegal immigration and immigrants. The misinformation these media figures have promoted is similar to that detailed in Media Matters Action Network's May 21 report "Fear & Loathing in Prime Time: Immigration Myths and Cable News," which documents the "rhetoric surrounding illegal immigration that is heard on cable news."

Using distorted statistics and unsubstantiated assertions, Colorado's broadcast media outlets and personalities have promoted a variety of myths and falsehoods regarding the issue of immigration. The media figures, most notably 630 KHOW-AM host Peter Boyles, also have used or promoted extremist commentary to complement their misinformation, which has portrayed immigrants as a monolithic group guilty of purported offenses ranging from being responsible for an alleged surge in U.S. leprosy cases to causing the deaths of 25 Americans each day. In tone and content, Boyles and the others have dispensed misinformation about immigration issues similar to that detailed in Media Matters Action Network's May 21 report "Fear & Loathing in Prime Time: Immigration Myths and Cable News," which documents the "rhetoric surrounding illegal immigration that is heard on cable news." MMAN is a partner project of Media Matters for America.

The immigration-related dialogue frequently broadcast by Colorado's electronic media largely has focused on issues such as the alleged crime rate attributable to undocumented immigrants, the myth that Denver is a "sanctuary city" for undocumented immigrants, or the purported "reconquista," by which Mexico is planning to "re-annex" the southwestern United States. Much of the misinformation also has appeared on cable network news -- for example, a Boyles guest on September 20, 2006, made the now-debunked claim that illegal immigration caused "7,000 cases of leprosy" in three years in the United States; the statistic was repeated later on CNN's Lou Dobbs Tonight.

Boyles and other Colorado talk radio hosts also have made or promoted extremist comments regarding illegal immigrants, such as proposing that if captured they be forced to work on chain gangs or, in Boyles' case, promoting a video depicting violence against Hispanic immigrants.

Here are examples from among the numerous instances Colorado Media Matters has documented in which, like national cable network news, a number of the state's electronic media outlets and personalities have dispensed misinformation, rhetoric, and hysteria regarding illegal immigration:

Illegal immigration and crime

Despite recent evidence to the contrary, local immigration alarmists repeatedly have cited false or dubious statistics to portray illegal immigrants as disproportionately responsible for crime in the United States. Questionable statistics cited on Colorado radio talk shows have included the number of American citizens who die at the hands of illegal aliens every day, the percentage of the U.S. or California state prison population purportedly composed of illegal aliens, and the number of sexual predators entering the United States illegally each day.

• Illegal immigrants kill 25 Americans every day

This widely repeated myth alleges that illegal immigrants kill 13 people daily by negligent homicide (such as drunken driving) and 12 by murder. As Colorado Media Matters has noted, the figure apparently originated with Rep. Steve King's (R-IA) dubious extrapolation from a 2005 Government Accountability Office (GAO) study showing that, according to King, illegal aliens comprise approximately 28 percent of the U.S. prison population.

Several of Boyles' guests, and host "Gunny" Bob Newman of sister station Newsradio 850 KOA, repeatedly have cited King's statements in claiming that 25 Americans are killed each day by illegal immigrants, and Boyles has falsely claimed that this figure is "a GOA (sic) number," referring to the GAO. In fact, there is no GAO study reporting that illegal immigrants kill 25 Americans per day. Moreover, Colorado Media Matters has reviewed GAO reports addressed to King as well as figures released by the Justice Department's Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS) and has found no support for his assertion that 28 percent of inmates in all prisons and jails are criminal aliens. Among the dubious claims Colorado Media Matters has documented regarding crime and illegal immigrants:

Boyles, Gilchrist cited dubious stats on illegal immigration

On Boyles' show, F.I.R.E. Coalition's Mrochek cited dubious statistic that "25 Americans every single day are killed by illegal aliens"

On consecutive broadcasts, Boyles and guests repeated dubious statistic that illegal immigrants "kill 25 Americans every single day"

Boyles again cited dubious statistic, reading article stating that "[t]welve Americans are murdered every day" by illegal immigrants

"[A] total lie": Boyles, F.I.R.E. Coalition guest revived debunked claim that illegal immigrants kill "25 Americans every day"

Boyles guest Mrochek cited dubious immigration statistics, including that "105 sexual predators" cross U.S. borders daily

"Gunny" Bob repeated dubious statement that illegal immigrants murder 12 Americans every day

• Percentage of prison inmates who are illegal aliens

Several Colorado radio talk show hosts have stated some variation of the dubious claim that a relatively high proportion of inmates in federal or California state prisons are illegal aliens. However, as Colorado Media Matters pointed out at the time the claims were made, illegal aliens comprise significantly smaller percentages of prison populations than the hosts have claimed or allowed their guests to claim. For example, on June 28, 2007, syndicated columnist Dick Morris appeared on KOA's The Mike Rosen Show and claimed that "300,000 of the inmates in our state and federal prisons, very close to a quarter of them, are here illegally." However as, Colorado Media Matters pointed out at the time, the BJS reported that at midyear 2006 "State and Federal prisons held 91,426 noncitizens" -- legal and illegal aliens -- not the 300,000 Morris claimed, and an increase of only 337 from a year earlier, when noncitizens comprised 6.4 percent of the federal and state prison populations.

Several talk show hosts -- including Boyles, KHOW's Dan Caplis, and Fox News Radio 600 KCOL's Gail Fallen -- also have exaggerated or allowed guests or callers to exaggerate the percentage of illegal immigrants imprisoned in the state of California, claiming that anywhere from 25 percent to 40 percent of inmates in the state are illegal immigrants. As Colorado Media Matters repeatedly has noted, according to U.S. Department of Justice statistics published in June 2007, "noncitizens" -- legal and illegal combined -- made up only 9 percent (15,849 out of 175,115) of federal and state prisoners held in California at midyear 2006. Furthermore, according to the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation's fourth quarter 2006 Jail Profile Survey Report, of the average daily county jail population of 81,612, 9,350 were classified as "[c]riminal/[i]llegal [a]liens," amounting to about 11.46 percent of the average daily county jail population. Colorado Media Matters has documented the following regarding illegal immigrants and the prison population:

Addressing Colorado Media Matters, Boyles gave listeners more questionable immigration statistics

Continuing his pattern of misinformation about "amnesty," Gunny repeated immigration falsehoods

Rosen let Morris assert that 300,000 state and federal inmates are illegal immigrants; federal statistics contradict him

Boyles touted as "study" an email collection of anti-immigration activist falsehoods and unsubstantiated assertions

"[W]hen is this going to stop?": Boyles cited another dubious immigration stat, repeated "sanctuary city" falsehood

On Boyles' show, Anderson repeated bogus claim that 25 to 30 percent of California inmates are illegal immigrants

KHOW's Caplis failed to correct caller's claim that 40 percent of California inmates are illegal immigrants

KCOL's Fallen insisted that debunked illegal immigrant inmate figure "is a fact"

• 95 percent of outstanding homicide warrants in Los Angeles are for illegals

On October 20, 2006, after saying he spent time "looking at numbers," Boyles cited the "Center for Immigration Studies, June, 2004" as reporting that "[i]n Los Angeles, 95 percent of all outstanding warrants for homicide target illegals" and "[u]p to two-thirds of all fugitive felony warrants in Los Angeles (17,000) are for illegals." These statistics appeared in an article by Heather Mac Donald on the center's website and later were challenged by the Los Angeles Times and conservative columnist Linda Chavez, who noted that "the Los Angeles Police Department doesn't collect information on the immigration status of criminals, much less suspects, so there is no database of how many illegal aliens are wanted on outstanding homicide warrants." On Boyles' February 14, 2007, broadcast, Jason Mrochek, co-founder of the Federal Immigration Reform and Enforcement (F.I.R.E.) Coalition, repeated the assertion about outstanding warrants, saying, "You talk about reading the L.A. papers -- 95 percent of our outstanding murder warrants are for illegal aliens, and that's coming to a city near you."

• 105 sexual predators every day

On the same broadcast, Mrochek dubiously asserted that "we have 105 sexual predators coming across the border every single day, each of whom is going to have an average of four victims." Mrochek cited a 2006 report, "A Line in the Sand: Confronting the Threat at the Southwest Border," produced by the then-Republican majority staff of the House Homeland Security Committee's Subcommittee on Investigations at the direction of its then-Chairman, U.S. Rep. Michael McCaul (R-TX); and "some GAO studies." However, a Colorado Media Matters review of "A Line in the Sand" and relevant GAO studies cast doubt on the credibility of Mrochek's claims.

Political and health myths

In addition to distorting crime statistics, Boyles and other talk radio figures have repeated a number of myths related to illegal immigration, including the false claims that certain Colorado cities provide "sanctuary" for illegal immigrants and that so-called "anchor babies" prevent illegal immigrants from being deported. Boyles and Newman also have propagated the myth of "reconquista" or the "re-annexation ... of the Southwest" United States by Mexico. Additionally, Boyles has allowed his guests to imply that undocumented immigrants are responsible for increasing instances of health issues such as leprosy and bedbugs.

• Sanctuary cities

Numerous Colorado media figures have claimed that Denver, Greeley, or Boulder are so-called "sanctuary" cities that protect illegal immigrants from being deported or justly punished for crimes committed. However, Colorado Media Matters repeatedly has noted that no Colorado jurisdiction appeared in a 2006 Congressional Research Service report listing "[c]ities and counties currently that have sanctuary policies." Additionally, the Colorado legislature on May 1, 2006, enacted a statute prohibiting such policies. Colorado Media Matters compiled the following inaccurate claims regarding sanctuary cities:

Boyles, Gilchrist cited dubious stats on illegal immigration

Boyles again repeatedly makes false claims that Denver is a "sanctuary city," beholden to "sanctuary policies"

Interviewing Caplis, O'Reilly falsely claimed Denver was a "sanctuary city" that "did not report illegals to the feds"

Selectively reading from Post and News, Boyles claimed Ritter plea deals are part of Denver's supposed "sanctuary" policy

Boyles criticized "Mayor Chickenlooper" for calling graffiti problem disrespect for law while presiding over a "sanctuary city"

Boyles promoted falsehood that Greeley is a "sanctuary city"

Boyles fostered "sanctuary city" myth again, this time with city council candidate

Days after Webb addressed "sanctuary city" falsehood on Boyles' show, Boyles repeated the claim

Broadcasting from D.C. immigration reform rally, Boyles and guests smeared immigrants and repeated falsehoods

Boyles rerun: Discussing immigration, host revived "sanctuary," "date rape" rhetoric

"[W]hen is this going to stop?": Boyles cited another dubious immigration stat, repeated "sanctuary city" falsehood

Yet again, Boyles repeated unsubstantiated claim that Denver is a "sanctuary city"

Silverman misled on Boulder's reporting of illegal immigrants to ICE

"It's like idiot day again": On KHOW, Boyles falsely attributed bogus list of "sanctuary cities" to Congressional Research Service

• Anchor babies

Anti-immigration activists contend that, under the 14th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, children who are born in the United States and thus are U.S. citizens "anchor" parents who are in the country illegally to the United States, thereby protecting the parents from deportation and qualifying them for access to some government services. In fact, the birth of a child in the United States does not affect either parent's immigration status, as Colorado Media Matters has noted. On numerous occasions, Boyles and his guests have repeated the falsehood that the federal government does not deport illegal immigrants who have U.S.-born children. Similarly, fellow KHOW host Caplis agreed with a caller who falsely asserted on his October 19, 2006, broadcast that an illegal immigrant mother who gives birth to a baby in the United States "automatically gets to stay," and her "illegal status is removed."

However, Colorado Media Matters has noted numerous examples of parents who were in the United States illegally and were deported, despite their child's citizenship status. Furthermore, The New York Times reported in November 2004 that "immigration experts say there are tens of thousands of children every year who lose a parent to deportation." Colorado Media Matters has documented the following false claims regarding so-called anchor babies:

Caplis agreed with caller's false claim that illegal immigrant's "illegal status is removed" when she has children in United States

Contradicting federal law and a knowledgeable caller, Boyles repeated "anchor baby" falsehood

On Caplis & Silverman, Boyles gave his profile of "the 'typical' illegal immigrant," repeated "anchor baby" falsehood

Boyles repeated falsehood that "anchor babies" enable illegal immigrants to avoid deportation

"God, are we idiots": Boyles repeated "anchor baby" falsehood with a new twist

"It's not a good morning": Boyles responds to Colorado Media Matters op-ed in Rocky and Post

"I'm being called a liar": Boyles and guest Corsi repeat "anchor baby" falsehood

Broadcasting from D.C. immigration reform rally, Boyles and guests smeared immigrants and repeated falsehoods

Boyles disputed Post article by misrepresenting source supporting "anchor baby" myth

Boyles repeated, and guest Corsi misrepresented, previous "anchor baby" statements

• Leprosy and bedbugs

During a September 20, 2006, discussion on Boyles' show about "illegal immigration of people from around the world to the U.S. who are coming with diseases," guest Dr. Patricia Doyle told listeners that people "com[e] here for treatment for leprosy because they know as soon as they come into the U.S. and they're found to have leprosy, they are going to be able to go for treatment here." Doyle then falsely asserted, "We once had 900 cases in 40 years -- the U.S. had 900 leprosy cases. In three years, recently -- for three years -- we've had 7,000 cases" -- a figure later repeated on CNN's Lou Dobbs Tonight. In fact, as Colorado Media Matters noted, according to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), "200-250 new cases" of the disease are reported in the United States each year. As Colorado Media Matters pointed out, according to a May 6, 2007, 60 Minutes profile of Dobbs, "a report issued by Health and Human Services" stated that "7,000 is the number of leprosy cases over the last 30 years, not the past three," and that "nobody knows how many of those cases involve illegal immigrants." Boyles, who is a frequent guest on Dobbs' show, did not correct the figure afterward.

Appearing on Boyles' September 5, 2006, broadcast, MSNBC political analyst and former Republican and Reform Party presidential candidate Pat Buchanan stated that "clearly the illegal aliens" were responsible for infestations of bedbugs "in 26 different states." Neither Boyles nor Buchanan mentioned that a fact sheet from the Ohio State University College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences states that "widespread use of baits rather than insecticide sprays for ant and cockroach control is a factor that has been implicated" in the resurgence of bedbugs in the United States.

• "Reconquista"

On the same Boyles program, Buchanan also claimed that with "Mexican consuls, and intellectuals, and writers, and journalists, and others are all now openly talking about 'La Reconquista' ... the re-annexation -- linguistically, culturally, socially and ethnically -- of the Southwest is an inevitability." But, as Colorado Media Matters pointed out at the time, citing Media Matters for America, the concept of reconquista is "a fantasy that exists in the minds of white supremacists, not mainstream Mexicans," and is "based almost entirely in myth," according to a May 19, 2006, column by Alex Koppelman on the website HuffingtonPost.com.

Similarly, on his May 18, 2007, broadcast Newman claimed that The National Council of La Raza -- which he called a "hard-core racist, separatist group" -- seeks to "re-seize the American Southwest and break away from the United States; form their own country that includes ... Mexico and down into Central America; and throw out everybody, everybody who isn't Hispanic."

As Media Matters has noted, NCLR describes itself as "the largest national Hispanic civil rights and advocacy organization in the United States," which "conducts applied research, policy analysis, and advocacy, providing a Latino perspective in five key areas -- assets/investments, civil rights/immigration, education, employment and economic status, and health. In addition, it provides capacity-building assistance to its Affiliates who work at the state and local level to advance opportunities for individuals and families."

Offensive statements and extremist rhetoric

Colorado Media Matters also has documented numerous instances of Colorado radio talk show hosts and their guests making extremist statements -- sometimes including ethnic slurs -- while discussing illegal immigration:

• KOA's "Gunny" Bob Newman

On August 1, 2006, Newman proposed that in response to illegal immigration, "[w]e can do things like announcing to other nations that if you come to Colorado and our police catch you here illegally, we're going to put you on a chain gang. And you're going to work for five years on our state chain gang, doing public work projects, and you're not going to like it there." He added, "It sounds extreme, but it could be a lot more extreme, now couldn't it?" before later stating, "[I]f you wanted to be barbaric about it, what you do is you make it a capital offense for them to come here illegally, and you hang them. And I'm not for that."

Discussing proposed federal immigration reform legislation on his May 18, 2007, broadcast, Newman stated that "treating the illegal aliens with dignity and with respect and with kindness and with generosity" was much more important to President Bush and the Senate leadership than "Americans not being run over by illegal aliens driving drunk" or "3-year-old girls not being molested and raped by illegal aliens, elderly people in their homes at night not being shot to death by illegal aliens who ... broke into their home."

• KHOW's Boyles and guests

On October 19, 2006, guest Brenda Walker called Mexico "one of the most despicable countries on Earth" and stated that "[i]f there's one thing that the Mexicans are good at, it's establishing smuggling infrastructures. They can get through, you know, obviously, millions of illegal aliens and WMDs as well."

During a November 15, 2006, discussion about Elvira Arellano -- an illegal immigrant who was trying to use a Chicago church as a sanctuary to avoid deportation -- frequent guest and 870 KRLA-AM talk show host Terry Anderson said, "I'd drag this broad out of there by her hair."

Guest William Gheen, president of Americans for Legal Immigration, advised a caller on August 15, 2007, not to "let any company, or individual, or any group that you even suspect may have illegal aliens working with them, or around them, or connected with them into your home, or near your family, or anybody you love, or anything you love and care about." He later added that "illegal aliens have shown a pattern of criminality" and that "when you put that on the backdrop of the resentment and the hate that many illegal aliens have for Americans, and ... the jealousy, the anger of what Americans have, and they don't have -- it creates a very unstable situation." Gheen also advised the caller "to be an activist because, otherwise, you're just a 'sheeple' American waiting for the hammer to fall on your head and for it to happen to you. And unfortunately, there are too many Americans out there that don't get involved until after they've paid the price."

On April 25, 2007, Boyles directed listeners to a YouTube video (which has since been removed by the "user") featuring "a guy who calls himself, interestingly enough, 'The Amazing Racist.' " Boyles explained that " 'The Amazing Racist' ... [g]oes down to his truck at a day labor spot, gets all the Mexicans standing outside, offers them, 'Here it is, fifty bucks for a day's work,' and then drives them to ICE," referring to the federal Immigration and Customs Enforcement agency. Boyles added that "it's really something to see" and attempted to play the audio of the clip on the air before an unidentified person cut him off by saying, "That's not what you want." On his April 30, 2007, program Boyles claimed, "I've never seen the video. I've never told anybody to see the video."

On October 9, 2007, Gheen responded to Boyles' criticism of Mexico's former President Vicente Fox -- who reportedly had asserted that the United States is letting racism shape its immigration policies -- by labeling as "brown Nazis" the Mexicans who make such arguments, later stating, "Americans are the Jews."

• KNUS 710 AM's Backbone Radio

On the March 11, 2007, broadcast of John Andrews' Backbone Radio program on KNUS 710 AM, co-host Joshua Sharf -- who is running for the Republican nomination in Colorado's state House District 6 race -- promoted a common stereotype about immigrants, eliciting laughter from fellow guest hosts Matt Dunn and Krista Kafer. The three were discussing The Denver Post's recent four-part series "Fortress America," which examined federal efforts to curtail illegal immigration. Kafer asserted that illegal immigrants were "destroying ... fragile desert environments," to which Sharf replied, "On the other hand, who better to do the landscaping?"

Validating extremists

In addition to promoting dubious data and extreme anti-immigration rhetoric, Boyles has featured guests with ties to white nationalist groups, including Peter Brimelow, editor of the "immigration reduction" website VDARE.com; and Fred Elbel, leader of the anti-immigration group Defend Colorado Now.

As Colorado Media Matters noted, Brimelow has acknowledged that VDARE publishes writers he "regard[s] as 'white nationalist,' " adding that such authors "unashamedly work for their people -- exactly as La Raza works for Latinos and the Anti-Defamation League works for Jews." Colorado Media Matters also has pointed out Elbel's connections to people and organizations that frequently espouse white nationalist views, including the Social Contract Press, a publication the Rocky Mountain News recognized as a "publisher of numerous immigration pieces including some by authors who express white nationalist or separatist views." The Southern Poverty Law Center called the publication "a journal that is published by a hate group."

Other frequent guests on Boyles' program include Minuteman Project founder Jim Gilchrist and conservative author and activist Jerome Corsi, co-author of the Regnery book Unfit for Command: Swift Boat Veterans Speak Out Against John Kerry. U.S. Rep. Tom Tancredo (R-CO), an outspoken opponent of illegal immigration, often appears on the program. In fact, following Tancredo's appearance at a controversial September 9, 2006, fundraiser for the Americans Have Had Enough Coalition in Columbia, South Carolina, Boyles denied -- despite newspaper reporting to the contrary -- that Tancredo afterward joined in the singing of the Confederate anthem Dixie with members of the South Carolina League of the South. As Colorado Media Matters has noted, both the Southern Poverty Law Center and the Anti-Defamation League describe the League of the South as a white-supremacist hate group. Tancredo's spokesman, Carlos Espinosa, acknowledged that Tancredo joined in the singing of Dixie as he was exiting the South Carolina state museum where the speech took place, according to a September 21, 2006, column by Westword editor Patricia Calhoun.

Illegal immigrants and social services

Boyles and other personalities in Colorado's electronic media also have made unsubstantiated assertions posited as facts regarding illegal immigration and social services, repeatedly implying that undocumented immigrants get special treatment not afforded to U.S. citizens and constitute a drain on taxpayers and on state and federal resources.

• In-state tuition

On their August 3, 2007, broadcasts, Boyles and Caplis asserted that, according to an August 3, 2007, Rocky Mountain News article, Colorado higher education director David Skaggs was seeking to extend in-state tuition to children who are illegal immigrants. KCOL host Scott James read from the article on his August 6, 2007, program and asked his audience whether in-state tuition should go to "[c]hildren of illegal aliens who very well could be illegal themselves." In fact, the News article indicated that Skaggs specifically advocated granting in-state tuition at Colorado colleges and universities to "children who are born in the U.S. to illegal immigrant parents" -- and who therefore are U.S. citizens.

• Unlicensed drivers

A KMGH 7News "investigation" aired on the February 6, 2007, broadcast of 7News at 10 p.m. asserted without substantiation that "[i]llegal immigrants caught behind the wheel driving without a valid license ... [or] insurance" were a widespread problem in Denver. In fact, the report presented only anecdotal evidence of four Hispanic men who pleaded guilty to driving without a valid driver's license and without adequate auto insurance, and presented no factual evidence that any of those offenders actually were illegal immigrants, as Colorado Media Matters noted. The report by Tony Kovaleski also failed to cite either any statistical evidence quantifying the percentage of unlicensed, uninsured Colorado drivers who are believed to be illegal immigrants, or the overall percentage of all Colorado drivers -- citizen or immigrant, legal or illegal -- with no license or auto insurance.

Colorado Media Matters noted a similar report from the January 31 broadcast of KDVR Fox 31's News at Nine O'Clock in which reporter Julie Hayden claimed that an "undercover investigation" of Denver's traffic court revealed "case after case where police gave a ticket to somebody who just had a Mexican driver's license, only to have the [Denver] city attorney simply drop the charges once they got into court. And at the same time, we saw U.S. citizens being required to prove that their licenses are valid." However, Hayden's report showed only one case of a defendant with a Mexican driver's license -- with a judge dismissing the license-related charge against that person, stating that the city attorney's office had determined the license in fact was valid. Further, Hayden provided no details to substantiate her claim that, of those ticketed for driving without a license who needed a Spanish-speaking interpreter, "many" lacked the documents required to obtain a Colorado driver's license.

• Social services

Claiming to cite a "new study," Boyles on his July 5, 2007, broadcast read from what apparently was a mass email that compiled statistics from conservative anti-immigration activists and organizations, including Frosty Wooldridge, CNN's Dobbs, F.A.I.R., the Center for Immigration Studies, and the National Policy Institute to assert that illegal immigration constituted a drain on social services.

Colorado Media Matters documented the following false or dubious claims regarding services for illegal immigrants:

Boyles falsely claimed that "[o]ver two-thirds of all the births in L.A. County are to illegal-alien Mexican[s]" receiving state Medicaid benefits

Fox 31 "investigation offered claims but little evidence about preferential treatment for those holding Mexican driver's licenses

KMGH 7News "investigation" made baseless claims about unlicensed, uninsured, "illegal" immigrant drivers

"Make it your own" falsehood: Michelli echoed conservative talking points on Social Security, immigration, global warming, tax cuts

On Boyles, Heritage Foundation's Rector distorted provisions of immigration bill, gave dubious estimate of immigration's cost

Boyles touted as "study" an email collection of anti-immigration activist falsehoods and unsubstantiated assertions

Boyles: "99 percent of Denver's 'Spanish-speaking population' ... coming to a health clinic are here illegally"

Caplis, Boyles, and James distorted state official's remarks on tuition for children of illegal immigrants

Boyles distorted Post column on in-state tuition

Boyles and guest misled on DREAM Act, Colorado in-state tuition status

—C.H. & C.K.